Ngomhla we-15 kweyeNkanga, i-RCEP, i-circle yesivumelwano sorhwebo esikhulu kwihlabathi, ekugqibeleni yasayinwa ngokusesikweni emva kweminyaka esibhozo yengxoxo! Indawo yorhwebo olukhululekileyo enabemi abaninzi, isakhiwo sobulungu esahlukeneyo, kunye nethuba elikhulu lophuhliso emhlabeni yazalwa. Eli linyathelo elikhulu kwinkqubo yokuhlanganiswa koqoqosho lwengingqi yaseMpuma Asia, kwaye lifake amandla amatsha ekubuyiselweni koqoqosho lwengingqi kwanehlabathi.

Ngaphezulu kwe-90% yeemveliso kancinci kancinci azihlawuliswa rhafu

Iingxoxo ze-RCEP zisekelwe kwintsebenziswano yangaphambili "ye-10+3" kwaye zandisa umda ukuya kwi-10+5. Ngaphambi koku, iTshayina iseke indawo yorhwebo olukhululekileyo namazwe alishumi ase-ASEAN, kwaye irhafu ye-zero ye-China-ASEAN Free Trade Area igubungele ngaphezulu kwe-90% yezinto zerhafu zamaqela omabini.

Ngokutsho kweChina Times, uZhu Yin, uprofesa oncedisayo kwiSebe loLawulo loLuntu kwiSikolo soBudlelwane baMazwe ngaMazwe, uthe, “Iingxoxo ze-RCEP ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kuthatha amanyathelo amakhulu ekunciphiseni imiqobo yerhafu. Kwixesha elizayo, i-95% okanye ngaphezulu yezinto zerhafu aziyi kubandakanywa kuluhlu lwerhafu ezingenanto. Indawo yemarike nayo iya kuba nkulu nangakumbi, nto leyo eyinzuzo enkulu kwiinkampani zorhwebo lwangaphandle.”

Ngokwezibalo zowama-2018, amazwe ali-15 angamalungu esi sivumelwano aza kugubungela abantu abamalunga ne-2.3 yeebhiliyoni kwihlabathi liphela, abalelwa kwi-30% yabemi behlabathi; i-GDP iyonke iya kudlula i-US$25 trillion, kwaye ummandla ogutyungelweyo uya kuba yindawo enkulu yorhwebo olukhululekileyo kwihlabathi.

Kwikota ezintathu zokuqala zalo nyaka, umthamo worhwebo phakathi kweTshayina ne-ASEAN ufikelele kwi-US$481.81 yeebhiliyoni, ukunyuka kwe-5% ngonyaka. I-ASEAN ibisoloko iliqabane elikhulu lokurhweba laseTshayina, kwaye utyalo-mali lweTshayina kwi-ASEAN lunyuke nge-76.6% unyaka nonyaka.

Ukongeza, ukugqitywa kwesivumelwano kuya kunceda ekwakheni uthotho lweenkonzo kunye nothotho lwexabiso kulo mmandla. UWang Shouwen, uSekela Mphathiswa wezoRhwebo kunye noSekela Mmeli weeNgxoxo zoRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe, wakha wachaza ukuba ukwakhiwa kwendawo yorhwebo olukhululekileyo edibeneyo kulo mmandla kuya kunceda ummandla wasekuhlaleni ukuba wenze uthotho lweenkonzo kunye nothotho lwexabiso ngokusekelwe kwiingenelo zalo ezithelekiswayo, kwaye kuya kuchaphazela ukuhamba kweempahla kunye netekhnoloji kulo mmandla. Ukuhamba kweenkonzo, ukuhamba kwemali, kuquka ukuhamba kwabantu ngaphesheya kwemida kuya kuba neenzuzo ezinkulu, okwenza isiphumo "sokudala urhwebo".

Umzekelo, cinga ngeshishini lempahla. Ukuba impahla yaseVietnam ngoku ithunyelwa eTshayina, kuya kufuneka ihlawule irhafu. Ukuba ijoyina isivumelwano sorhwebo olukhululekileyo, uthotho lwexabiso lwengingqi luya kusebenza. ITshayina ingenisa uboya obuvela e-Australia naseNew Zealand. Ngenxa yokuba isayine izivumelwano zorhwebo olukhululekileyo, ingangenisa uboya ngaphandle kwerhafu kwixesha elizayo. Emva kokungenisa, iya kulukwa ibe ngamalaphu eTshayina. Eli laphu linokuthunyelwa eVietnam. IVietnam isebenzisa eli laphu ukwenza impahla ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe eMzantsi Korea, eJapan, eTshayina nakwamanye amazwe, ezi zisenokungahlawuliswa rhafu, nto leyo eya kukhuthaza uphuhliso lweshishini lempahla kunye neempahla zasekuhlaleni, isombulule imisebenzi, kwaye ikwalungele kakhulu ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

Ke ngoko, emva kokuba i-RCEP isayinwe, ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-90% yeemveliso ngokuthe ngcembe azihlawulisi rhafu, iya kukhuthaza kakhulu amandla oqoqosho lwamalungu angaphezu kweshumi elinesibini, kuquka neTshayina.

Kwangaxeshanye, kwimeko yotshintsho kwimo yoqoqosho lwasekhaya kunye nokwehla kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, i-RCEP iza kuzisa amathuba amatsha okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwempahla zelaphu nempahla eTshayina.

Iyintoni impembelelo kwishishini lempahla?

Imithetho Yemvelaphi Yenza kube lula ukujikeleziswa kwezinto zelaphu eziluhlaza

Kulo nyaka iKomiti yeNgxoxo ye-RCEP iza kugxila kwingxoxo kunye nokucwangciswa kwemithetho yemvelaphi kwimihlathi kawonke-wonke. Ngokungafaniyo ne-CPTPP, enemithetho engqongqo yemvelaphi yeemveliso ezingenarhafu ze-zero kumazwe angamalungu, njengeshishini lempahla yelaphu kunye nempahla Ukwamkela umthetho we-Yarn Forward, oko kukuthi, ukuqala kwintambo, kufuneka ithengwe kumazwe angamalungu ukuze ifumane ukhetho lwe-zero. Enye yezona ngongoma ziphambili zemizamo yengxoxo ye-RCEP kukuqonda ukuba amazwe ali-16 abelana ngesatifikethi esifanayo semvelaphi, kwaye i-Asia iya kuhlanganiswa kwimvelaphi efanayo ebanzi. Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba oku kuya kunika amashishini empahla yelaphu kunye neempahla kula mazwe ali-16 umthengisi, i-Logistics kunye ne-customs clearance zizisa lula olukhulu.

Iya kusombulula iingxaki zezinto ezisetyenziswa kwishishini leempahla zelaphu laseVietnam

Umlawuli weSebe leMvelaphi le-Import and Export Bureau yoMphathiswa wezoShishino noRhwebo, uZheng Thi Chuxian, uthe eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwi-RCEP iza kuzisa iingenelo kushishino lokuthumela ngaphandle lwaseVietnam yimithetho yalo yemvelaphi, oko kukuthi, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza ezivela kwamanye amazwe angamalungu kwelinye ilizwe. Le mveliso isathathwa njengelizwe lemvelaphi.

Umzekelo, iimveliso ezininzi eziveliswa yiVietnam zisebenzisa izinto eziluhlaza ezivela eTshayina azinakufumana amaxabiso erhafu akhethekileyo xa zithunyelwa eJapan, eMzantsi Korea, naseIndiya. Ngokutsho kwe-RCEP, iimveliso eziveliswa yiVietnam zisebenzisa izinto eziluhlaza ezivela kwamanye amazwe angamalungu zisathathwa njengezo zivela eVietnam. Amaxabiso erhafu akhethekileyo ayafumaneka ukuze athunyelwe kwamanye amazwe. Ngo-2018, ishishini lempahla ngelaphu laseVietnam lithumele ngaphandle iibhiliyoni ezingama-36.2 zeedola zaseMelika, kodwa izinto eziluhlaza ezingenisiweyo (ezifana nomqhaphu, iifayibha, kunye nezixhobo) zifikelele kwiibhiliyoni ezingama-23 zeedola zaseMelika, uninzi lwazo zingeniswe zivela eTshayina, eMzantsi Korea, naseIndiya. Ukuba i-RCEP iyasayinwa, iya kusombulula iingxaki zoshishino lwempahla ngelaphu lwaseVietnam malunga nezinto eziluhlaza.

Kulindeleke ukuba uthungelwano lwempahla lwehlabathi lube yipatheni ephambili yeTshayina kunye namazwe angabamelwane

Ngenxa yokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwe-R&D enxulumene nelaphu kunye nempahla, uyilo kunye netekhnoloji yemveliso yezinto eziluhlaza nezincedisayo zaseTshayina, amanye amakhonkco okuvelisa asezantsi adluliselwe kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Ngelixa urhwebo lwaseTshayina kwiimveliso zelaphu ezigqityiweyo kunye neempahla kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia luye lwehla, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezinto eziluhlaza nezincedisayo kuya kwanda kakhulu.

Nangona ishishini lempahla yamazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia elimelwe yiVietnam lisanda, iinkampani zelaphu zaseTshayina azikho kwimeko yokutshintshelwa kwezinye.

I-RCEP ekhuthazwa ngokudibeneyo yiTshayina kunye neMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia ikwanenjongo yokufezekisa intsebenziswano enjalo enceda bonke. Ngentsebenziswano yezoqoqosho yengingqi, iTshayina kunye namazwe aseMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia anokufezekisa uphuhliso olufanayo.

Kwixesha elizayo, kwikhonkco lokubonelela ngempahla yelaphu kwihlabathi liphela, kulindeleke ukuba kubekho iphethini ebalaseleyo yeTshayina kunye namazwe angabamelwane.