Ngomhlaka-15 Novemba, i-RCEP, umbuthano wezomnotho wesivumelwano sokuhweba esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ekugcineni yasayinwa ngokusemthethweni ngemuva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili yezingxoxo! Indawo yokuhweba ekhululekile enabantu abaningi kakhulu, isakhiwo samalungu ahlukahlukene kakhulu, kanye nekhono elikhulu lentuthuko emhlabeni yazalwa. Lesi yisinyathelo esikhulu enkambisweni yokuhlanganiswa komnotho wesifunda saseMpumalanga Asia, futhi sifake umfutho omusha ekubuyiselweni komnotho wesifunda ngisho nowezwe.

Imikhiqizo engaphezu kuka-90% kancane kancane ayikhokhisi intela

Izingxoxo ze-RCEP zisekelwe ekubambisaneni kwangaphambilini kwe-"10+3" futhi zandisa ububanzi ku-"10+5". Ngaphambi kwalokhu, i-China yasungula indawo yokuhweba ekhululekile namazwe ayishumi ase-ASEAN, futhi intela ye-zero ye-China-ASEAN Free Trade Area ihlanganise izinto ezingaphezu kuka-90% zentela yazo zombili izinhlangothi.

Ngokusho kwe-China Times, uZhu Yin, uprofesa ohlangene woMnyango Wezokuphathwa Komphakathi weSikole Sobudlelwano Namazwe Ngamazwe, uthe, “Izingxoxo ze-RCEP ngokungangabazeki zizothatha izinyathelo ezinkulu ekunciphiseni izithiyo zentela. Esikhathini esizayo, u-95% noma ngaphezulu wezinto zentela ngeke zikhishwe ekufakweni kobubanzi bentela engenalutho. Isikhala semakethe siphinde sibe sikhulu nakakhulu, okuyinzuzo enkulu yenqubomgomo yezinkampani zokuhweba zakwamanye amazwe.”

Ngokwezibalo zango-2018, amazwe ayi-15 angamalungu esivumelwano azohlanganisa abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-2.3 emhlabeni wonke, okubalwa u-30% wabantu bomhlaba wonke; i-GDP iyonke izodlula ama-US$25 trillion, kanti isifunda esimboziwe sizoba yindawo enkulu kunazo zonke yokuhweba mahhala emhlabeni.

Ezigabeni ezintathu zokuqala zalo nyaka, umthamo wokuhweba phakathi kweShayina ne-ASEAN ufinyelele ku-US$481.81 billion, okuwukwenyuka ngo-5% unyaka nonyaka. I-ASEAN ibilokhu ingumlingani omkhulu wokuhweba waseShayina, kanti ukutshalwa kwezimali kweShayina e-ASEAN kukhuphuke ngo-76.6% unyaka nonyaka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphothulwa kwesivumelwano kuzosiza ekwakheni uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka kanye nochungechunge lwenani esifundeni. UWang Shouwen, iPhini likaNgqongqoshe Wezohwebo kanye nePhini Lommeleli Wezingxoxo Zokuhweba Kwamazwe Ngamazwe, wake waveza ukuthi ukwakheka kwendawo yokuhweba ekhululekile ehlanganisiwe esifundeni kuzosiza isifunda sendawo ukwakha uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka kanye nochungechunge lwenani ngokusekelwe ezinzuzweni zalo eziqhathaniswayo, futhi kuzothinta ukugeleza kwezimpahla nobuchwepheshe esifundeni. Ukugeleza kwenkonzo, ukugeleza kwemali, okuhlanganisa ukunyakaza kwabantu ngaphesheya kwemingcele kuzoba nezinzuzo ezinkulu, okwakha umphumela "wokudala ukuhweba".

Thatha imboni yezingubo njengesibonelo. Uma izingubo zaseVietnam sezithunyelwa eShayina manje, kuzodingeka zikhokhe intela. Uma ijoyina isivumelwano sokuhweba ngokukhululekile, uchungechunge lwenani lesifunda luzoqala ukusebenza. IShayina ingenisa uboya obuvela e-Australia naseNew Zealand. Ngenxa yokuthi isayine izivumelwano zokuhweba ngokukhululekile, ingangenisa uboya ngaphandle kwentela esikhathini esizayo. Ngemva kokungenisa, luzolukwa lube yizindwangu eShayina. Le ndwangu ingathunyelwa eVietnam. IVietnam isebenzisa le ndwangu ukwenza izingubo ngaphambi kokuthumela eNingizimu Korea, eJapane, eShayina nakwamanye amazwe, lezi zingase zingakhokhi intela, okuzokhuthaza intuthuko yemboni yezindwangu nezingubo zasendaweni, kuxazululwe amathuba emisebenzi, futhi kuhle kakhulu ekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe.

Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokusayinwa kwe-RCEP, uma imikhiqizo engaphezu kuka-90% ilahlekelwa yizintela kancane kancane, izothuthukisa kakhulu amandla omnotho wamalungu angaphezu kweshumi nambili, okuhlanganisa neChina.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokwesimo sokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo somnotho wasekhaya kanye nokwehla kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, i-RCEP izoletha amathuba amasha okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezindwangu nezingubo eShayina.

Uyini umthelela embonini yezindwangu?

Imithetho Yemvelaphi Yenza Kube Nokusakazwa Kwezinto Zokusetshenziswa Kwendwangu

Kulo nyaka iKomidi Lezingxoxo ze-RCEP lizogxila engxoxweni nasekuhleleni imithetho yemvelaphi ezigabeni zomphakathi. Ngokungafani ne-CPTPP, enezidingo eziqinile zemithetho yemvelaphi yemikhiqizo engenazo izintela emazweni angamalungu, njengemboni yezindwangu nezingubo Ukwamukela umthetho we-Yarn Forward, okungukuthi, kusukela entanjeni, kumele ithengwe emazweni angamalungu ukuze ijabulele izintandokazi zentela ze-zero. Elinye lamaphuzu abalulekile emizamo yokuxoxisana ye-RCEP ukuqaphela ukuthi amazwe ayi-16 abelana ngesitifiketi esifanayo semvelaphi, futhi i-Asia izohlanganiswa nomsuka ofanayo ophelele. Akungabazeki ukuthi lokhu kuzonikeza amabhizinisi ezindwangu nezingubo kula mazwe ayi-16 umhlinzeki, i-Logistics kanye ne-customs clearance kuletha lula olukhulu.

Izoxazulula izinkinga zezinto zokusetshenziswa embonini yezindwangu yaseVietnam

Umqondisi woMnyango Wemvelaphi we-Import and Export Bureau yoMnyango Wezimboni Nokuhweba, uZheng Thi Chuxian, uthe into evelele kakhulu ye-RCEP izoletha izinzuzo embonini yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe yaseVietnam imithetho yayo yemvelaphi, okungukuthi, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezivela kwamanye amazwe angamalungu ezweni elilodwa. Umkhiqizo usabhekwa njengezwe lemvelaphi.

Isibonelo, imikhiqizo eminingi ekhiqizwe yiVietnam esebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivela eShayina ayikwazi ukujabulela amazinga entela akhethekile uma ithunyelwa eJapan, eNingizimu Korea, naseNdiya. Ngokusho kwe-RCEP, imikhiqizo ekhiqizwe yiVietnam esebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivela kwamanye amazwe angamalungu isabhekwa njengevela eVietnam. Amazinga entela akhethekile ayatholakala ukuze athunyelwe kwamanye amazwe. Ngo-2018, imboni yezindwangu yaseVietnam yathumela kwamanye amazwe amaRandi ayizigidigidi ezingama-36.2, kodwa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezingenisiwe (njengokotini, imicu, kanye nezesekeli) zafinyelela amaRandi ayizigidigidi ezingama-23, iningi lazo elalingeniswe livela eShayina, eNingizimu Korea, naseNdiya. Uma i-RCEP isayiniwe, izoxazulula izinkinga zemboni yezindwangu yaseVietnam mayelana nezinto zokusetshenziswa.

Uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwezindwangu emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi lube iphethini ehamba phambili yeShayina kanye namazwe angomakhelwane

Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwe-R&D ehlobene nezindwangu nezingubo zaseShayina, ubuchwepheshe bokuklama nokukhiqiza bezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingavuthiwe nezisizayo, ezinye izixhumanisi zokukhiqiza ezisezingeni eliphansi zidluliselwe eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ngenkathi ukuhweba kweShayina ngemikhiqizo yezindwangu nezingubo eziqediwe eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kwehlile, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingavuthiwe nezisizayo kuzokhula kakhulu.

Nakuba imboni yezindwangu yamazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia emelelwa yiVietnam ikhula, izinkampani zezindwangu zaseShayina azikho esimweni sokushintshwa ngokuphelele.

I-RCEP ekhuthazwa ngokubambisana yiShayina neNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia nayo ihloselwe ukufeza ukubambisana okunjalo okuzuza wonke umuntu. Ngokubambisana kwezomnotho wesifunda, iShayina namazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia angafinyelela intuthuko efanayo.

Esikhathini esizayo, ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwezindwangu emhlabeni wonke, kulindeleke ukuthi kwakheke iphethini evelele yeShayina + amazwe angomakhelwane.